During what age span do young children typically first begin demonstrating goal-directed actions?

Young children typically begin demonstrating goal-directed actions between the ages of 0 to 2 years. This period is characterized by significant cognitive and motor development. Infants start to understand cause and effect and engage in behaviors that show intentionality, such as reaching for toys or attempting to grasp objects they desire. As they approach the end of this age span, toddlers exhibit more complex goal-directed behaviors, such as problem-solving and navigating their environments to achieve specific outcomes.

In the context of child development, this age range marks the onset of behaviors that are not just reflexive but also purposeful, as children learn to assess their surroundings and take action toward achieving their objectives. As they grow, these skills become more refined and sophisticated, laying the foundation for further development in their social and cognitive abilities.